Ways to Reduce Bullying free essay sample

Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Sometimes what we think as simple teasing may amount to bullying in the eyes and the minds of someone with a sensitive mind. Therefore, this is a common occurrence which has repercussions which most of us may not foresee. Writing a bullying essay, can contain the feelings you had when either being bullied or bullying someone. On the other hand, it could be about the repercussions as mental trauma undergone by the victims. There are many ways in which to write this essay. However, firstly, we need to understand what bullying is. Defining Bullying Bullying is behaviour where one individual who is usually physically bigger act obnoxiously, annoying and physically and mentally disturbing another individual. Most often bullying comes from people who are either lacking in social skills or some form of personal affliction or a complex. Bullying is most common in young children. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to Reduce Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many instances where a small made child is often bullied by bigger and aggressive children. But we also see adults resorting to bullying younger children or more timid individuals. The Many Ways to Write There are many ways in which you can write the bullying essay. As it is a personal subject for many, they should try and avoid being too biased when writing the essay. You may be one who has been bullied many times during your life. This could affect your writing the essay if you are not careful. Why People Bully and Who is a Bully This topic will have you investigating the many reasons as to why bullying is done and what makes them do so. It does not matter if the bully is a child or an adult. Bullying will always remain a problem. Bullying comes from avoidance of facing a certain inadequacy or to reduce the fear of everyone seeing them for what they are. These are some elements which you can discuss when writing the essay. http://essay-writing-service. co. uk/blog/essay-writing/bullying-essay-a-topic-addressing-a-common-occurrence

Visy Supply Chain Management

Visy Supply Chain Management Executive Summary Managing operations and Supplies are business processes that ensure adequate supply of materials in a company at the right time at an appropriate competitive cost. Visy, being in the business of packaging, paper manufacture and recycling requires a constant supply of materials for its production.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Visy Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the company has adequate supply of materials, it is able to produce goods in the right time at an affordable and competitive price. To understand and know areas of improvement of the company’s supply chain management, this report will take an analysis of current supply chain situation in the company and give recommendations on value-adding services that the company can implement in the context of logistics operations. To get the information required for the report, the researcher will use internal info rmation from the company’s website, take a research on consumer preferences and their attitude and finally take a competitive analysis where products of other similar companies will be considered (Visy official website, 2011). Introduction Having a good supply chain management makes a company have continuous production. It ensures that there are adequate supplies at an appropriate price and time. When this is attained, a company gains competitive advantage (Khoo, Bainbridge, spedding and Taplin, 2001). Visy is in the business of collecting waste paper and manufacturing packaging products, the company’s operation are favored by environment conservations in the world; since the company plays a crucial part in maintain a clean environment. On the other hand, the products from the company are recyclable thus; it gets favor from international and national communities. A second strength of the company is a strong brand name in the highly competitive advantage; the name assis ts the company tap opportunities brought about by globalization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One threat facing the company is high competition and the situation of world economies, there are increasing entrants in the industry and the world economic growth rate has been hampered by global financial crisis of 2007 (Hsu, Tan, Kannan and Keong, 2009). To remain competitive, the company needs to have strategic business operation strategies with among them having an effective and reliable supply chain (both inwards and outwards logistics). Analysis of the existing situation From the analysis of the current situation I the organization, the supply chain management can be commended for their effective supply chain management however the system is likely to be faced by a number of issues. The following are the areas that can be looked into: Expand to international su pply of waste paper for the company law materials Adopt a ‘just in time’ supply system Have an integrated supply chain management that connects all the 110 sites in a way that they can share resources Outsourcing some logistic services to reliable providers and Undertake massive research on the trend in different economies that it can make products that are responsive to consumers needs. Develop a value addition strategy Other than using recycling processes alone to conserve and preserve the environment, the company should diversify in other business that still respect the company’s motto of conservation(Goold and Campbell, 2002). Globalization has made it possible for companies to procure from differently countries, in their efforts to seek for quality products; this offers Visy and opportunity to sell its products globally and is affected indirectly by the increase in international trade. The company strategy supports green supply chain systems that have incre asingly being advocated for in the world, in green supply chain, the effects on environment are crucial component of a supply. Other than having, the physical goods there should be of the right quality and quantity. Companies that adopt a green supply chain enjoys a wider customers base; it is facilitated further by customer enlighten on issues pertaining environmental conservation. The increased presence of goods form international market has resulted to an increase in demand for environmentally friendly production.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Visy Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those companies who have focused on producing goods, which are environmentally friendly, have secured larger markets than those companies who have not. They are gaining more customer royalty than those whose products and mode of production is not environmentally friendly (Fugate, Mentzer and Stank, 2010). When value is added to the company products, customer will get a higher utility form the company and will be willing to buy the products. The company on the other hand will benefit a direct and indirect increase in sales resulting from its customer value increase. Conclusion Although Visy can be commended for being; leader in the recycling business, the company should not relax it value additions; it should invest further in technology and develop other ways of doing business. The company has been in the business for more than 62 years, thus it has a developed a pool of knowledge that it can depend on to improves its products and value they give to customers further. With the leadership in the industry and its strong brand name, the company has the opportunity to use brand extension strategies to increase its sales further. It can easily penetrate other markets as a buyer of recyclable waste material/semi-recycled materials and as a seller of its variable commodity. The global situation is offering an opportunity to the company as it has embarked on massive campaigns to advocate for the use of environmentally friendly products; this has created a demand for the company’s products. With the current situation, the company is on a better platform to increase and diversify its operation through creating value in its customers and adding value to its products (Creswell, 1998). Recommendations Visy to tap the increasing demand for its products, then it has to develop quality, quantitative, price and logistic objectives. Supply chain management is a strategic management process that ensures that a company has the right goods at the right time and at a competitive cost. It should ensure that at any one time there are adequate materials for production of goods and services. Visy raw materials are mostly recycled paper products that need to be fetched and ensured they are of the right quality and quantity.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proper supplies of the materials from suppliers working for the company as contractors to collect the material and from companies established for that business (Arntzen, Brown, Harrison and Trafton, 1995). The following are the improvements that the company can make for better logistics eventually leading to an improved business: Value determination mechanisms Value in supplies for manufacture of good translates to value in finished goods. Though the company deals with wastes, not all wastes can be of the right quality. For an efficient supply chain management, there should be value determination mechanism set by the company (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky and Simchi-levi, 2007). All goods getting in the company should be vetted for quality. Other than raw materials, there should be vetting of output in different stages of production to ensure that there is quality in the final output (Cooper, Lambert and Pagh, 1997). Different industries require different packaging’s; the company sho uld aim at developing a strong research team that analysis the different industries in the world so as it can advice the company effectively on the right material to fetch and use for products targeting certain industry. Supplier relation Visy should develop a good business relationship with its suppliers, as this will assist in making sure that there is reliability in the supply of materials. Suppliers in the company fall in the category of contractors and those companies in the business of supplying raw materials and semi finished goods. This will ensure that the company manufacturing is kept with the right materials always. On the other hand, it is easy to get goods at a better price and market data from suppliers whom the company has established good business relations (Mentzer,2001). Just in time supply mechanism The company should develop a ‘just in time’ supply management system; it creates mechanisms for efficiency and effectiveness in the system. The systems ar e structured in such a way that there is minimal supply in the store but the company has a constant and reliable supply of raw materials. It should undertake an internal analysis of its needs for production (Larson and Halldorsson, 2004). There are times that the company requires more products (this is mostly times of high production) and sometimes pit requires low supplies. This should be documented and the system made in such a way there is always a just in time supply. A just in time supply means that at any one point in time, the company is has adequate supply (Ward Glass, 2008). Supplier base management and Procurement department/ team There is more than one supplier capable of supplying the company with raw materials for its processes. However, they should be vetted to ensure that the best option has been selected (Ketchen and Hul,2006). With the increased industries requiring packaging materials, the company should enforce its research and development department to be able t o get the right supplier for different products. Procurement department is mandated with this task and considers factors like, Reliability: the company must be dependable thus it will not fail Visy, on the other hand it should be adjustable to demands of materials Capability: Visy being an international company, it requires suppliers who can meet its demand for raw materials. Price: the prices set by the supplying company should be set at the best price in the market at any one time. Past experiences: companies which the company has had a nice experience with the company should be used Quality assurance and effectiveness: the suppliers contracted should assure quality in their deliveries (Haag,2006). International logistics and integrated logistics With globalization and massive campaigns in environmental conservations, the company can tap international markets to get its raw materials. To get the supplies from these countries, the company has to understand customs and trade laws that exist between the procured country and Australia. When procuring internationally, to reduce transport costs, the company should get the products in semi-finished state like paper pulp. A contracted company in the country procured can do the semi manufacturing; this will increase raw materials and increase the base of material search. References Arntzen, B., Brown, G., Harrison, T. and Trafton, L., 1995. Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation. Interfaces, 25(1), 69-93. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, D.M. and Pagh, J.. 1997. Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 8(1), pp. 1–14. Creswell, J., 1998. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Fugate, B., Mentzer, J. and Stank, T.,2010. LOGISTICS PSERFORMANCE: EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS, AND DIFFERENTIATION. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), pp 43-62. Goold, M . and Campbell, A., 2002. Do you have a well-designed organization? Harvard Business Review, 80(3),pp 117-124. Hsu, C., Tan, K., Kannan, V. and Keong, G., 2009. Supply chain management practices as a mediator of the relationship between operations capability and firm performance. International Journal of Production Research, 47(3), pp 835-855. Haag, S. et el. ,2006. Management Information Systems For the Information Age. New Jersey: McGraw Hill Ryerson Ketchen Jr., G. and Hult, T.M.,2006. Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 25(2),pp. 573-580. Khoo, H. H., Bainbridge, I., Spedding, T. A. and Taplin, D. R.,2001. Creating a Green Supply Chain. Greener Management International, 2(35), pp 71-78. Kouvelis, P., Chambers, C., Wang, H., 2006. Supply Chain Management Research and Production and Operations Management: Review, Trends, and Opportunities. In: Production and Operations Management, 15 (3), pp. 449–469. Larson, P.D. and Halldorsson, A. ,2004. Logistics versus supply chain management: an international survey. International Journal of Logistics: Research Application, 7, (1),Pp. 17-31. Mentzer, J. T.et el.,2001. Defining supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 1–26. Simchi-Levi D.,Kaminsky P. and Simchi-levi E., 2007. Designing and Managing the Supply Chain. New Jersey: Mcgraw Hill. Visy official website.2011. Visy for a better world. Available at  https://www.visy.com.au/innovative-packaging Ward Jr., M., and Glass, L., 2008.Inventory Management Systems. National Petroleum News, 100(1), p.24.

Global Warming Effects on Population Literature review

Global Warming Effects on Population - Literature review Example DeWeerdt gives a interesting international, almost post-colonial study of the effects of global warming. She divides her analysis into three distinct categories of areas that will impact human life the most signifincantly that are also the most vulnerable to climate change: Food, Disease and changes in sea level. It is somewhat superficially obvious that all of these things will be impacted by climate; sea levels will obviously rise as polar ice melts (DeWeerdt 2012), food production, which is obviously very climate dependent will have to shift, and disease will obviously increase with any serious shifts in population, as these often lead to unsanitary conditions.Her analysis is novel, however, in indicating the degree to which these changes will impact different parts of the world. DeWeerdt argues that development, which is usually meant in economic ways, can actually be considered a society’s degree of ability to adapt to climate changes (DeWeerdt, 2012). Places that have hi gh degrees of infrastructure, for instance, will be more able to cope with any of these changes. Firstly, they can establish things that directly mitigate the effects of climate: things like greenhouses to cope with cold weather or irrigation to cope with dryness. Secondly, they can use transportation infrastructure to cope with secondary effects of climate change as well, easily developing newly productive areas while abandoning areas that have become unproductive due to climate change. Undeveloped countries, however, will suffer more greatly: people cannot flee a newly formed desert, cannot build seawalls to hold back a rising tide, and so forth. Conceptualizing development as a society’s degree of ability to cope with climate allows one to see very clearly that the effects of climate change will disproportionately affect developing societies.Using DeWeerdt’s analysis indicates that one can actually conceptualize as climate change (including both its causes and effec ts) as a particular damaging form of pseudocolonial resource extraction. If one imagines a favorable climate as a resource, in that it provides a whole sleuth of production but can be depleted if not properly managed, then developed countries, which achieve their development largely through the highest use of fossil fuels (DeWeerdt 2012) are actually taking a valuable resource from developing countries every time they use fossil fuels. This is an especially damaging form of resource consumption because the people who get the resource depleted do not gain from the depletion, unlike mining, for instance, in which minerals can be sold. Climate can more be imagined as a river dammed outside of a country’s borders: they lose, and do not gain, while the other country gains but does not loose.

Electronic Commerce (Frank Sissons LTD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Electronic Commerce (Frank Sissons LTD) - Essay Example At Franke-Sissons Ltd, the company has fully integrated internet technologies as a business strategy by adding the latest ICT architecture to develop a full-fledged website that has an online E-commerce facility enabling online transactions and marketing facilities. The Franke-Sissons Ltd website has also started an online order tracking system that enables clients keep abreast of the movement of their purchases (Franke Sissons, 2009). Franke Sissons Ltd is a UK based European stainless steel sanitary and catering equipment manufacturer. It was started in Sheffield, UK in 1784 as the W & G Sissons Ltd dealing exclusively in sanitary equipment [see Appendix Figure:7]; it merged with Swiss Franke WSS family group in 2002 to becoming Franke Sissons Ltd (2007) adding catering ware to its catalogue [see Appendix Figure:8]. The company employs over 100 staff with most of them engaged within the production division the firm specialising in complimentary sanitary and catering products that are retailed internationally (Franke Sissons, 2009). The term E-commerce has been simply defined as ‘doing business electronically’ (Timmers, 1998). Andam (2005) however defines electronic commerce as ‘The transformation of an organization’s processes to deliver additional customer value through the application of technologies, philosophies and computing paradigm of the new economy’ (Pg. 7). Andam (2005, Pg.5) argues that electronic commerce has levelled the playing field in marketing for goods and services whereby with skilful careful approach, small and medium scale enterprises are able to compete efficiently with the larger more established enterprises. According to a Forrester Research estimate, global e-commerce trade for 2008 stood at $204 billion with a projected growth of up to $335 billion by 2012 [see Appendix Figure: 6]. Within

Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Philosopher Biography Project Paper Essay

Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Philosopher Biography Project Paper and Persuasive Presentation - Essay Example Rand supported the Kerensky revolution but denounced the Bolshevik revolution. Because of the latter revolution, fighting erupted and her family relocated to Crimea where she finished her studies. Later in life, her father’s pharmacy was confiscated after the communist victory, a fact that saw a lot of suffering. Rand immensely opposed the Russian way of life, especially their collectivism and mysticism. Instead, she admired and emulated the American culture, and even changed her name from Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum. She studied Philosophy in the Petrograd University and graduated in 1924. Some of her works include The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged, and Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, and We the Living among others. Sadly, Rand passed on in 1982 from a cardiac failure but her work still raises discussions and debates in the world of philosophy. Ayn Rand is recognized worldwide for her philosophy of objectivism. Rand pointed out that peop le can understand the world. She elaborates further that this can be achieved by reasoning and logic. This has elicited controversy since other philosophers have proposed that reality is unclear. They have claimed that reasoning and logic sometimes cannot be depended on, coining it as subjectivism. Rand discounted this claim, citing erosion of self-esteem and confidence as its downsides. Instead, she asserted that reality is what it is and that one can certainly know what is. It is because of this that termed her philosophy objectivism, where one is required to check their premises in case they are not sure about something. This was the philosophy of epistemology. Rand termed objectivism as ‘a philosophy for those living on earth’. Her philosophy, she claimed, was based on man as a hero, with the moral purpose in his life being in pursuit of his happiness. Man’s noble activity, in her philosophy, is to be productive in his achievements. However, she acknowledges the fact that this happiness cannot be achieved by mere whim or wish. Objectivism outlines the principles that one must live with, even in pursuit of happiness. This include, among others, respect for other people’s rights as well as possession of moral integrity. Rand also proposed the capitalism ideology where Laissez- Faire capitalism is the concept introduced by objectivists in the political world. Here, the government is limited in its actions and protection the life of each citizen and his or her property are its functions. The government also ensures that there is no use of force by one citizen against the other. An objectivist, from this description, therefore, is one who achieves in the creation of ideas and art; succeed in businesses and the invention of technologies. This they achieve through their own talents and efforts or trading with other independent minds. Objectivism believes in optimism. There is always that hope that the world is open for everyone’s happiness and thus living fulfilling lives. This she mentioned in her two books, Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead. Even in her high school life, Rand had always objected to mysticism. She believed that all truth was arrived at after a careful analysis of the facts of reality, something that should be done without contradictions. It is a fact that objectivists believe that everyone is free to believe in whatever they want. However, they should not claim that what they believe is the truth without verifying the proofs. This could be

The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay

The Deep Vein Thrombosis Health And Social Care Essay What is Deep Vein Thrombosis or well known as DVT. Did you ever heard about blood clot? A condition which a blood clot thrombus forms in a vein is known as venous thrombosis. Blood flow through the vein can be limited by the blood clot, resulting in swelling and pain. Most commonly occurs in the deep vein in the legs, thigh or pelvis but it can still happen elsewhere in the body (Pai and Douketis, 2012). The larger veins that go through the muscles of the calf and thigh are deep leg veins. They are not the veins that we can see just below our skins, neither are the same as varicose vein. Deep Vein Thrombosis is most common in adults over age 60 but it can happen at any age as well. DVT usually can cause embolism when a part or all of the blood clot in the vein breaks off from the site where it is formed and travel along the venous system. DVT can lead to long lasting problem. It can damage the vein and cause the leg to ace, swell, change color and leg sores after years. What cause deep vein clots to form? Blood clot can form in veins when you are inactive. For instant, clots can form if you are paralyzed or sit while on a long journey. Surgery, injury and cancer also can damage your blood vessel and lead to blood clot. If DVT remain in the legs it can cause a few complications including phlebitis and leg ulcer also can lead to pulmonary embolism. Phlebitis is a condition which blood clots with inflammation in superficial vein was rarely cause serious problem but if blood clot in deep veins happen require instant attention because it can lead to embolism. Deep Vein Thrombosis can cause the blood flow in the vein is partially or completely blocked by the blood clot. The common site for DVT is in calf vein and a thigh vein is less commonly affected while DVT is rarely happen in other deep veins. There are few alternative names for DVT such as thromboembolism, post-phlebitic syndrome or post-thrombotic syndrome. A pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening complication and long-distance flights may contribute to the risk of DVT or also known as economy-class syndrome. Coronary heart disease, being overweight or obese, cigarette smoking, pregnancy, family history of DVT or recent surgery or injury also can lead for DVT to happen. A DVT is often just a one-of event after a major operation has been done. However, some people who develop a DVT have an ongoing risk of a further DVT. If have a blood clotting problem or continued immobility, then everybody are advised to seek for a medical care or take anticoagulation such as heparin injection (a fter which they are prescribed warfarin) to avoid further complication. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Histopathology Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been places onto glass slides also can well describe about the histopathology. Regarding with DVT, its histopathology is quite complex to understand. Differential diagnostic considerations prior to thrombolytic treatment and surgery should include tumours. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by a biopsy but CT and MRI also bring quite a role in diagnosing DVT. However, CT and MRI just such a waste when the disease is at an advanced stage because any of these examinations should be done in the early stage of disease. Based on Phlebol (2006), soleal vein was the most frequent site of DVT. At first, primary thrombi would be formed at soleal veins, then its will propagate to proximal veins. The proximal veins would be occluded by fresh thrombi, thereafter secondary thrombi were made at non-drainage calf veins. Paterson and McLachlin found that most venous thrombi consisted of two regions. One of it is composed predominantly of fibrin and trapped erythrocyte while the other one are composed mostly by aggregated platelets. The fibrin-rich regions that attached the thrombi to the vessel wall, while the platelet-rich regions localized further from the site of attachment. These show that activation of coagulation system come before platelet activation and collection during the formation of venous thrombi (Lopez et al, n.d). Based on that informatio n, we know that the use of anti-platelets drug in venous thrombosis is very limited. Histopathology evidence in DVT shows that coagulation occurs on or nearer to the endothelial surface. When coagulation starts on the endothelial surface, platelets may be regrouped to the fibrin clot rich in thrombin through adhesive interactions and it will result to further thrombus growth. Based on everything that stated above, we can say that the platelet collection localize to regions of the clot that are far away from its site of attachment and anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin has prove that it can reduce the risk of DVT in our precious life. 2.2 Causes and Risk Factors Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clots forms in a deep vein in our body. DVT always happen in the legs but it can still happen in your arms, chest, or other areas of your body. The blood clot can block our circulation or lodge in a blood vessel in our lungs, heart, or other part of our body and can cause severe organ damage and can lead to death. This topic will reveal about every causes and risk factors that can lead to DVT. There are many causes and risk of DVT. Some of that are: A person will have DVT when a veinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s inner lining is damaged. There are many factors that can lead to this injury. For instant it can be cause by physical, chemical, or biological factors. Besides, surgery, serious injuries, inflammation and immune responses also can be the causes to it. DVT can also happen when the blood flow is sluggish or slow. Immobility or lack of motion can cause sluggish or slow blood flow. This condition always occurs after the surgery, bed rest for a long period and having a long journey that take a long time. A condition which blood is thicker or more likely tend to clot than normal (thrombophilia) also can result in DVT. This is due to inherited condition such as V Leiden factor that increase the risk of blood clotting. Apart from that, hormone therapy or birth control pills also can increase the risk of blood clot. The contraceptive pill and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has small increased risk of DVT since the oestrogen in it can cause the blood to clot slightly more easily. People with cancer or heart failure can also increase the risk for DVT. Usually, investigation looking for the cause of DVT may show cancer to be the underlying cause. Older people over the age 60 years also likely to have DVT particularly if they have poor mobility or having a serious illness that can stop them to do a lot of action. Pregnancy also increased the risk for DVT to happen. Normally, within six month after they give birth or while they are pregnant. Dehydration will increase the chances for DVT because the blood becomes more sticky an liable to clot. As a male, precaution should be taken because men tend to develop a DVT more often than women. Being an obese person also can lead to DVT. There are many causes and risk of DVT that we are unaware of it for the certain time.DVT can happen anywhere in our body part and also can attack everybody in different ages but older people are more vulnerable to it. The most risky patient to have DVT is after having a surgery because the blood can easily clot if it not cared in a good ways. Lack active persons also are in a high risk of DVT since it will cause the blood to flow slowly and easily to clot. DVT also can be inherited and wrong pill intake also can result in DVT. In easy word, there are many causes and risks that can lead to DVT and every citizen around this world should take every safety precaution to avoid DVT. 2.3 Incidence and Comparison There are many people around this world that have experience DVT. About 2 million Americans have experienced DVT each year without they are realizing it. Based on Convenient option for DVT (2012), the exact incidence of DVT is still unknown in Malaysia but there is growing evidence that DVT is not uncommon in Asians. Based on autopsy studies, hospital audits of admission to major hospitals and also subclinical DVT in high risk situations such as after major joint surgeries show that there is increment of the incidence. According to Prof Hatem Salem, Head of Department, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, there is grave misconception that DVT is rare in Asians because he finds out that Asians too are at risk of DVT (Convenient option for DVT, 2012). Commonly, DVT happen after post-surgeries and a few reports have appeared with high incidence of DVT in orthopedic patients comparable to Western study. Dhillon, Askander and Doraisamy (1996) suggest that the present practice of withhold ing routine prophylaxis against thromboembolism in Asian patients undergoing high-risk orthopaedic procedure should be reconsidered. In Western countries, DVT occurs in 45% to 84% of patients after hip and knee surgery in the absence of prophylaxis (Stulberg et al, 1984) but there is a firm belief that the complications is quite rare in Asian patients. Lack of awareness in Asia of a condition that become one of the main killer factors in West is due to the faith that thromboembolic disease is rare in Asia. Since DVT always have been linked with post-operative so every patient that have undergoes surgery should take a good care of their health to avoid DVT. However, there are few opinions that stated DVT is rare in Asians and the first report was made by Tinckler in 1964 stated that there is rarity of post-operative DVT and pulmonary embolism in Asians (Tun et al, 2004). A study that has been made in a few Asians country like Malaysia, Hong Kong and Japan also show that there is low incidence post-operative DVT has happened around this country. A few incidences in Asians can be taken to make a comparison with the Western to show differences in frequency of DVT in this world. In developed countries of the Western area show that DVT and consequent pulmonary embolism is still becomes the number one threat to post-surgery while in Asian specifically in Malaysia show that there is still low incidence of DVT after the operation done. A study has been made in United Kingdom to represent Western hemisphere and Malaysia as Asianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s representator. In UK, Sandler and Martin found that 9% of patients admitted to a general hospital died and 10% of these deaths were due to pulmonary embolism that originated from DVT of lower limb. Based on a study made in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia on 45 patients, only one positive DVT confirm among 45 patients that have been observed. There is only 2.2% and this good result show incidence of DVT among patient in Asia is still low (Tun et al, 2004). In a nut shell, the incidence of postoperative DVT in Asian patients is not low as is commonly believed and also it is not high like we know. Larger studies are needed to settle this controversy and find out all the true fact regarding this matter. Based on study that has been made above, routine practice of withholding prophylaxis in Asian patients undergoing high-risk orthopaedic procedure should be reconsidered. We can conclude that DVT is still low in Asians but we should be aware of DVT in the future because it is too risky to take this matter as small things. 2.4 Mortality and Morbidity If DVT is left untreated, there are many bad effects can happen and some of that can result in mortality and morbidity. There is short-terms morbidity in DVT such as cardiopulmonary consequences that may delay weaning from mechanical ventilation and there is also long-term morbidity like patient-centered consequences such as chronic venous insufficiency. Based on Vascular Medicine (1998), short-term mortality for DVT patient is reported to range between 7% and 15% only while long-term mortality has record a great number of deaths for patient with DVT. In a Dutch study of 355 patients, 90 died during follow up. Patients with a DVT are at risk for morbidity and mortality since a fragment of the thrombus can embolize to the lungs. Anthony and Bon (2004), suggested that about one half of patients with an untreated proximal DVT will develop a pulmonary embolism within 3 months. In the past, contrast venography has been used to rule out DVT. Nevertheless, due to some problem such as expend iture of manpower and time, space and equipment and most importantly is it also associated with morbidity, it was been terminated and been replaced with other machine that can overcome this problem. There are many indications of short-term mortality of patients with DVT such as cancer, pulmonary embolism and major bleeding. There are also many caused that can lead to long-term mortality such as malignancy, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and anticoagulant related to hemorrhage. 2.5 Pathophysiology 2.6 Signs and Symptoms There are few symptoms to recognize DVT but often DVT occurs without any symptoms. The symptoms of DVT are related to obstruction of blood returning to the heart and causing a pooling of blood in the leg. Patient with DVT will undergo swelling of the affected leg and the leg may feel warm and look reddish. Apart from that, patient calf or thigh may ache or feel tender if it is been touch or squeeze or when stand or move. There are no symptoms appear if the blood clot is small and for some cases, Pulmonary Embolism is the first sign that confirm for DVT. Basically, it can be hard to detect DVT since some of the symptoms are same with other health problems. Sign and symptoms alone are not enough to determine the DVT but when risk factor is take under considerable, then it can help to determine likelihood of DVT. Some of the common sign and symptoms of DVT: Pain Swelling(edema) Tenderness Redness or skin color changes Skin warmth Discoloration Distention of veins surface Discomfort when the foot is pulled upward Leg fatigue Signs and symptoms occur vary depending on the severity of the condition and not all of these symptoms have to occur with deep vein thrombosis. 2.6.1 Conditions That May Cause Similar Symptoms Patient is advised not to make any early assumption in having Deep Vein Thrombosis if they are undergo the symptom that stated above since there are a number of different conditions that can cause the same sign and symptoms like DVT. Some of the conditions are: Muscles aches and tears Superficial thrombophlebitis (blood clot that forms in an inflamed part of a vein near the surface of the body) Varicose veins (blood vessels that are abnormally swollen and twisted Blood clots in arteries Arthritis (inflammation of the join) Cellulitis (infection in tissue under the skin) Bone fracture Lymphedema (swelling in the hands and feet caused by excess fluid retention) Since DVT symptoms are quite same like other health problem, patient need to undergo specific procedure and special test to confirm the diagnosis or rule out the other problem. IMAGING MODALITIES 3.1 First Line Evaluation 3.2 Second Line Evaluation IMAGES FEATURE OF PATHOLOGY TREATMENT AND PREVENTION PROGNOSIS CONCLUSION

dying in the eyes of shakespeare :: essays research papers

Dieing in the eyes of Shakespeare In this sonnet â€Å"That time of year thou may’st in me behold† Shakespear uses nature to describe life’s stages, while painting a vivid picture of nature in autumn, we can see his state of mind when using metaphors. The author intertwines nature, time, life, aging, and death in such broadness that the personal reactions and perceptions of the poem are broad as well, as a good metaphor does. When speaking of autumn the author fist refers to it as â€Å"That time of year†. Furthermore, he describes the season as â€Å"When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang† the brightness of the yellow leaves suggest light which equals life. As the speaker goes on, â€Å"In me thou see’st the twilight of such day. As after sunset fadeth in the west†, one can see that â€Å"twilight† and â€Å"fadeth† suggest he is dieing. Moreover, this has a direct reference on the author’s golden years. Shakespeare uses the most decaying weather season of a year and the fading of the day’s sun light to replicate his feeling of aging and getting closer to death. He then refers to night as death by saying; â€Å"Death’s second self that seals up all in rest† rest represents a deep peaceful sleep that he may never awaken from. Furthermore, he proceeds into the conclusion of his theme with the permanent ending of death. â€Å"That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the deathbed whereon it must expire.† He compares life to a glowing fire, another one of nature’s elements and once again using the luminosity component of it. Which he believes is the brightest in his youth and now he lies in the ashes of his life, yet still burning. The author mentions how life has consumed all the fire that he has left in him, leading one to believe that he does not have much more to give, therefore, dying. Nature has the stages of the season and also of the day; our daily cycles are much more like our life stages than seasons.