Wednesday, September 2, 2020
eight Sequential Steps To Write A First Rough Draft Of A Research Paper From Start To Finish
eight Sequential Steps To Write A First Rough Draft Of A Research Paper From Start To Finish Also, typically I notice that one thing isn't quite proper but canât fairly put my finger on it until I actually have properly digested the manuscript. I begin with a short summary of the outcomes and conclusions as a method to present that I have understood the paper and have a general opinion. I all the time touch upon the form of the paper, highlighting whether it is well written, has correct grammar, and follows a correct construction. When you ship criticism, your comments ought to be sincere however always respectful and accompanied with suggestions to improve the manuscript. So if you have not totally understood something within the paper, do not hesitate to ask for clarification. It can take me quite a very long time to put in writing a great evaluation, typically a full day of work and typically even longer. The detailed studying and the sense-making process, specifically, takes a long time. I begin by making a bullet level list of the primary strengths and weaknesses of the paper after which flesh out the review with particulars. I usually refer back to my annotated version of the online paper. When ought to the compound be synthesized and when are the simulation outcomes due? Make sure every collaborator has enough free time of their schedule to finish their task. It absolutely is difficult to estimate when the whole project shall be finished or the paper submitted. Nevertheless, I advocate to agree on an end date as a result of it helps everyone to keep on track and stay motivated. If you could have published a scientific paper, chances are you werenât the one writer. You can discover hyperlinks to those kinds of sources in the Research Guides talked about above. These will probably not be scholarly sources you need to use in your paper, however they may lead you to extra in-depth, scholarly sources that you'll want to use in your paper. Make sure your subject meets the project necessities. Ask your professor for suggestions in case you are not sure. I normally differentiate between main and minor criticisms and word them as immediately and concisely as possible. When I advocate revisions, I try to give clear, detailed feedback to guide the authors. Even if a manuscript is rejected for publication, most authors can benefit from recommendations. I attempt to stick with the facts, so my writing tone tends towards impartial. It may even offer you an outline of the brand new advances within the subject and allow you to when writing and submitting your personal articles. So although peer reviewing undoubtedly takes some effort, in the long run will probably be price it. Also, the journal has invited you to review an article based mostly in your experience, but there might be many stuff you donât know. Also, I wouldnât advise early-career researchers to signal their evaluations, at least not till they either have a permanent position or in any other case really feel secure of their careers. Although I believe that every one established professors should be required to sign, the very fact is that some authors can maintain grudges against reviewers. The paper reviewing course of might help you kind your own scientific opinion and develop critical thinking skills. Are you dreading writing that paper along with your collaborators? Have you had terrible experiences with authorship disputes or countless rounds of revising a manuscript? Hereâs a system for the way to make the collaborative writing process pleasant and environment friendly for everybody. Research is not carried out by lone wolves however quite a collaborative effort. You may need co-authored a chunk with your supervisor, your PhD or undergraduate students, a PostDoc or complete teams of collaborators. Whether your collaboration is overseas or throughout the hall, youâve most likely felt the challenges of engaged on a manuscript with a group of individuals. At least early on, it's a good suggestion to be open to evaluation invites to be able to see what unfinished papers look like and get familiar with the evaluation process. Many journals ship the choice letters to the reviewers. Bear in thoughts that one of the most dangerous traps a reviewer can fall into is failing to recognize and acknowledge their own bias. To me, it is biased to achieve a verdict on a paper based on how groundbreaking or novel the outcomes are, for instance.
Friday, August 28, 2020
How To Write The Iu Supplemental Essay 2020
How To Write The Iu Supplemental Essay 2020 2- If you've already written a research paper and you donât know anything concerning the editing and proofreading, our service can assist you in enhancing your paper considerably. We discover a expert writer who is appropriate for your subject. The companies we offer aren't prohibited by any colleges or universities and are LEGAL. We can ship a flawless pattern of a analysis paper on your matter. Students usually wrestle with organizing the information they've in the logical and comprehensive means. Our Live Chat allows you to chat along with your author through the process, make any corrections if necessary. Our system doesnât allow a deposit launch until the final research has been permitted. We assure the protection of all of your transactions and confidentiality. Pay for time period papers if you end up utterly glad. Also, they must current their ideas in a logical, coherent manner. Enjoy a grammatically and stylistically flawless analysis paper. We guarantee full confidentiality for each of our prospects. Your personal information is stored based on the international information protection guidelines and the privacy coverage of our own. We by no means resell or publish the analysis papers you could have permitted and purchased from us. Consultants from our help staff will gladly accept your order and inform you in regards to the particulars of our writing, delivery and fee procedures. The building blocks of any analysis paper is its paragraphs, every certainly one of which should have its own identity, including to the general theme and function of the paper. A half-baked paragraph that doesnât jive with the remainder of the paper will diminish its high quality. We ensure that every paragraph serves a function in your research paper. Our firm does its finest to fulfill the customers with their papers completely. Get your free quote before inserting the order if you want to obtain additional data. We help our service with a 24/7 buyer care heart staffed with reside agents â" not bots â" on the phone and through online stay chat. Make use of a analysis paper with a coherent construction. In addition, when completing any type of paper, students must keep in mind to watch grammatical rules, punctuation, and formatting requirements. For this, you can also use inexpensive proofreading software program on a specialized web site. Once you perceive how to prepare the point of a paper, it will not take you as much time to make the issues right. I missed all the deadlines to do my analysis paper by myself, thanks for helping me in such a short while. So my good friend told you can assist me write my research paper, and I was suspicious at first. In case something goes wrong, we assure you a full refund of your cash. Every paper we complete is double checked on the best plagiarism software program, so you will never have to worry regarding the distinctiveness of your writing. This is a great probability to obtain that private touch from the writer and get to know them higher. If you've any questions concerning fee, process of writing or the rest, be at liberty to ask them by way of chat or send an e-mail. We are frequently looking for the way to make our service higher, thus we'll appreciate any suggestions from you. Once you might be satisfied with the outcomes, you possibly can pay for research papers.
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services Make an order now, and weâll do it in a couple of hours. Weâll recruit a premium writer whoâll write you a brilliant essay and fulfill your order on the identical day. Test takers should be sure that they read the duty carefully and provide a full and related response. For example, if the topic is a particular side of computer systems, they should focus on this facet in their response. They should not merely write about computers generally. (Any information college students bring with them from exterior the passage shouldn't play an element when deciding on their answers. The Reading part consists of forty questions, designed to check a variety of reading expertise. These embrace reading for gist, reading for main concepts, studying for element, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognizing writers' opinions, attitudes and function. Prepare college students for fulfillment in secondary schooling, larger training, and beyond. Lay the inspiration for authentic pondering, authentic writing, and tutorial integrity practices thatwill last a lifetime. They should write in an educational or semi-formal/impartial styles and embody crucial and the most relevant factors in the diagram. It is important to grasp the difference between 'no' and 'not given'. Thereâs no have to overpay for services that might cost you less in British pounds. Get the top-notch paper writing service thatâs somewhat inexpensive and, most importantly, pays off with a positive result. As easy as that, you'll be able to have any homework task carried out by an skilled in your topic for cheap. Meeting determined deadlines is another factor that we do up to par. During his American visit, Dickens spent a month in New York City, giving lectures, elevating the query of international copyright laws and the pirating of his work in America. Test takers should spend no more than forty minutes on this task. They are asked to write down no less than 250 phrases and will be penalized if their reply is too quick. Task kind and format In Writing Task 2, take a look at takers are given a topic to write about a tutorial or semi-formal/impartial style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the related issues. If youâre in an excellent hurry, then weâre the specialists to ask for assist. APA Style is utilized by writers in many disciplines around the globe for concise, highly effective, and persuasive scholarly communication. In addition to helping you handle your supplies and organise your analysis, Mendeley can considerably speed up the process of writing your individual papers. Best of all, it lets you utterly restyle all the references youâve inserted right into a paper with simply a few clicks. The assigned writer turned out to be very knowledgeable within the subject. He absolutely did his greatest with my analysis paper, for which Iâm very grateful. Just like different science analysis papers, the format is considerably primary. Apart from the laboratory experiment or dissecting of animals, it is very important know how to present your work in a normal analysis paper format. When it involves Biology, after all like different sciences, your paper will be based on scientific proof and you will construct on previous works. There are two major strategies that could affect what type of analysis paper you will write because it concerns Biology, it could either be common or individual scientific methods. Use the Mendeley Citation Plugin to speed up the process of referencing when writing papers. Get the details on citing and writing in APA format with our complete information. Formatting directions, sample papers, and citation examples offer you the tools you need to type your paper in APA. All of papers you get at Ewriters.pro are meant for research functions solely. When I first came to the UK, it was exhausting to meet up with the research load. Promptness coupled with the highest quality â" thatâs what I like right here.
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services Make an order now, and weâll do it in a couple of hours. Weâll recruit a premium writer whoâll write you a brilliant essay and fulfill your order on the identical day. Test takers should be sure that they read the duty carefully and provide a full and related response. For example, if the topic is a particular side of computer systems, they should focus on this facet in their response. They should not merely write about computers generally. (Any information college students bring with them from exterior the passage shouldn't play an element when deciding on their answers. The Reading part consists of forty questions, designed to check a variety of reading expertise. These embrace reading for gist, reading for main concepts, studying for element, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognizing writers' opinions, attitudes and function. Prepare college students for fulfillment in secondary schooling, larger training, and beyond. Lay the inspiration for authentic pondering, authentic writing, and tutorial integrity practices thatwill last a lifetime. They should write in an educational or semi-formal/impartial styles and embody crucial and the most relevant factors in the diagram. It is important to grasp the difference between 'no' and 'not given'. Thereâs no have to overpay for services that might cost you less in British pounds. Get the top-notch paper writing service thatâs somewhat inexpensive and, most importantly, pays off with a positive result. As easy as that, you'll be able to have any homework task carried out by an skilled in your topic for cheap. Meeting determined deadlines is another factor that we do up to par. During his American visit, Dickens spent a month in New York City, giving lectures, elevating the query of international copyright laws and the pirating of his work in America. Test takers should spend no more than forty minutes on this task. They are asked to write down no less than 250 phrases and will be penalized if their reply is too quick. Task kind and format In Writing Task 2, take a look at takers are given a topic to write about a tutorial or semi-formal/impartial style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the related issues. If youâre in an excellent hurry, then weâre the specialists to ask for assist. APA Style is utilized by writers in many disciplines around the globe for concise, highly effective, and persuasive scholarly communication. In addition to helping you handle your supplies and organise your analysis, Mendeley can considerably speed up the process of writing your individual papers. Best of all, it lets you utterly restyle all the references youâve inserted right into a paper with simply a few clicks. The assigned writer turned out to be very knowledgeable within the subject. He absolutely did his greatest with my analysis paper, for which Iâm very grateful. Just like different science analysis papers, the format is considerably primary. Apart from the laboratory experiment or dissecting of animals, it is very important know how to present your work in a normal analysis paper format. When it involves Biology, after all like different sciences, your paper will be based on scientific proof and you will construct on previous works. There are two major strategies that could affect what type of analysis paper you will write because it concerns Biology, it could either be common or individual scientific methods. Use the Mendeley Citation Plugin to speed up the process of referencing when writing papers. Get the details on citing and writing in APA format with our complete information. Formatting directions, sample papers, and citation examples offer you the tools you need to type your paper in APA. All of papers you get at Ewriters.pro are meant for research functions solely. When I first came to the UK, it was exhausting to meet up with the research load. Promptness coupled with the highest quality â" thatâs what I like right here.
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services Make an order now, and weâll do it in a couple of hours. Weâll recruit a premium writer whoâll write you a brilliant essay and fulfill your order on the identical day. Test takers should be sure that they read the duty carefully and provide a full and related response. For example, if the topic is a particular side of computer systems, they should focus on this facet in their response. They should not merely write about computers generally. (Any information college students bring with them from exterior the passage shouldn't play an element when deciding on their answers. The Reading part consists of forty questions, designed to check a variety of reading expertise. These embrace reading for gist, reading for main concepts, studying for element, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognizing writers' opinions, attitudes and function. Prepare college students for fulfillment in secondary schooling, larger training, and beyond. Lay the inspiration for authentic pondering, authentic writing, and tutorial integrity practices thatwill last a lifetime. They should write in an educational or semi-formal/impartial styles and embody crucial and the most relevant factors in the diagram. It is important to grasp the difference between 'no' and 'not given'. Thereâs no have to overpay for services that might cost you less in British pounds. Get the top-notch paper writing service thatâs somewhat inexpensive and, most importantly, pays off with a positive result. As easy as that, you'll be able to have any homework task carried out by an skilled in your topic for cheap. Meeting determined deadlines is another factor that we do up to par. During his American visit, Dickens spent a month in New York City, giving lectures, elevating the query of international copyright laws and the pirating of his work in America. Test takers should spend no more than forty minutes on this task. They are asked to write down no less than 250 phrases and will be penalized if their reply is too quick. Task kind and format In Writing Task 2, take a look at takers are given a topic to write about a tutorial or semi-formal/impartial style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the related issues. If youâre in an excellent hurry, then weâre the specialists to ask for assist. APA Style is utilized by writers in many disciplines around the globe for concise, highly effective, and persuasive scholarly communication. In addition to helping you handle your supplies and organise your analysis, Mendeley can considerably speed up the process of writing your individual papers. Best of all, it lets you utterly restyle all the references youâve inserted right into a paper with simply a few clicks. The assigned writer turned out to be very knowledgeable within the subject. He absolutely did his greatest with my analysis paper, for which Iâm very grateful. Just like different science analysis papers, the format is considerably primary. Apart from the laboratory experiment or dissecting of animals, it is very important know how to present your work in a normal analysis paper format. When it involves Biology, after all like different sciences, your paper will be based on scientific proof and you will construct on previous works. There are two major strategies that could affect what type of analysis paper you will write because it concerns Biology, it could either be common or individual scientific methods. Use the Mendeley Citation Plugin to speed up the process of referencing when writing papers. Get the details on citing and writing in APA format with our complete information. Formatting directions, sample papers, and citation examples offer you the tools you need to type your paper in APA. All of papers you get at Ewriters.pro are meant for research functions solely. When I first came to the UK, it was exhausting to meet up with the research load. Promptness coupled with the highest quality â" thatâs what I like right here.
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services
Paper Writer Service Online á Professional Writing Services Make an order now, and weâll do it in a couple of hours. Weâll recruit a premium writer whoâll write you a brilliant essay and fulfill your order on the identical day. Test takers should be sure that they read the duty carefully and provide a full and related response. For example, if the topic is a particular side of computer systems, they should focus on this facet in their response. They should not merely write about computers generally. (Any information college students bring with them from exterior the passage shouldn't play an element when deciding on their answers. The Reading part consists of forty questions, designed to check a variety of reading expertise. These embrace reading for gist, reading for main concepts, studying for element, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognizing writers' opinions, attitudes and function. Prepare college students for fulfillment in secondary schooling, larger training, and beyond. Lay the inspiration for authentic pondering, authentic writing, and tutorial integrity practices thatwill last a lifetime. They should write in an educational or semi-formal/impartial styles and embody crucial and the most relevant factors in the diagram. It is important to grasp the difference between 'no' and 'not given'. Thereâs no have to overpay for services that might cost you less in British pounds. Get the top-notch paper writing service thatâs somewhat inexpensive and, most importantly, pays off with a positive result. As easy as that, you'll be able to have any homework task carried out by an skilled in your topic for cheap. Meeting determined deadlines is another factor that we do up to par. During his American visit, Dickens spent a month in New York City, giving lectures, elevating the query of international copyright laws and the pirating of his work in America. Test takers should spend no more than forty minutes on this task. They are asked to write down no less than 250 phrases and will be penalized if their reply is too quick. Task kind and format In Writing Task 2, take a look at takers are given a topic to write about a tutorial or semi-formal/impartial style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the related issues. If youâre in an excellent hurry, then weâre the specialists to ask for assist. APA Style is utilized by writers in many disciplines around the globe for concise, highly effective, and persuasive scholarly communication. In addition to helping you handle your supplies and organise your analysis, Mendeley can considerably speed up the process of writing your individual papers. Best of all, it lets you utterly restyle all the references youâve inserted right into a paper with simply a few clicks. The assigned writer turned out to be very knowledgeable within the subject. He absolutely did his greatest with my analysis paper, for which Iâm very grateful. Just like different science analysis papers, the format is considerably primary. Apart from the laboratory experiment or dissecting of animals, it is very important know how to present your work in a normal analysis paper format. When it involves Biology, after all like different sciences, your paper will be based on scientific proof and you will construct on previous works. There are two major strategies that could affect what type of analysis paper you will write because it concerns Biology, it could either be common or individual scientific methods. Use the Mendeley Citation Plugin to speed up the process of referencing when writing papers. Get the details on citing and writing in APA format with our complete information. Formatting directions, sample papers, and citation examples offer you the tools you need to type your paper in APA. All of papers you get at Ewriters.pro are meant for research functions solely. When I first came to the UK, it was exhausting to meet up with the research load. Promptness coupled with the highest quality â" thatâs what I like right here.
Tuesday, June 9, 2020
Why do adolescents smoke Essay - 3025 Words
Why do adolescents smoke? (Essay Sample) Content: Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AS TO WHY ADOLESCENTS SMOKEPsychosocial Factors as to why Adolescents SmokeInsert NameInsert Grade CourseInsert Tutors Name26 February 2014Psychosocial Factors as to why Adolescents SmokeIntroduction Smoking cigarette has been identified as a problem facing many countries and as one of the main preventable causes of cancer, heart disease, and premature death (Rezaei, Nedjat, Golestan and Majdzadeh, 2011; Lapointe, 2008). Tobacco consumption is responsible to many cases of premature mortality and morbidity in different countries of the world. For example, it has been estimated that about 5.4 million people die from tobacco related diseases every year (Rezaei, Nedjat, Golestan, and Majdzadeh, 2011). At the same time, it has been established that, if the current trends in tobacco consumption does not change, high possibilities point to a situation whereby, 8 million lives will be lost annually by the year 2030 due to tobacco consumption (Rezaei, Nedjat, Golestan, and Majdzadeh, 2011). Demographic factors such as age, gender, social class, race, and ethnicity, and many more may explain as to why many people smoke (Mercken, Snijders, Steglich, Vertiainen and Hein, 2010). Many factors explain why adolescents smoke and the primary objective of this study will be to identify and discuss psychosocial factors that lead adolescents into smoking tobacco.Adolescents and Smoking in United KingdomBy the year 2011, it was estimated that adolescents in England who start smoking every year numbered 340,000 aged below 16 years, and these adolescents have never smoked before (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011). At the same time, it has been found that every year, about 200,000 adolescents and children become regular smokers, and 67 per cent of these adolescents start smoking before they reach 18 years. Furthermore, 84 per cent start to smoke before they reach age 19 years. However, studies have shown that, on overall, the number of young people who smoke has been declining, and this may be attributed to many campaign initiatives aimed at increasing awareness and changing adolescents behaviour with regard to smoking. With regard to how frequent adolescents are likely to smoke in the country, especially in high schools, it has been established that many adolescents are regular smokers, since they are likely to smoke at least one cigarette per week. As a result, statistics of 2010 indicate that regular smokers among the adolescents smoked a mean (average) of 38.3 cigarettes in one week, while occasional smokers were found to have smoked an average of about 5.2 cigarettes a week (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011). With regard to gender and relation to adolescents smoking, it has been established that, for a long time now, girls as compared to boys are likely to be regular smokers and to have smoked more cigarettes than boys. On overall, the prevalence of regular smoking increases with age, from less than 0.5 per cent of 11 year olds to 15 per cent of 15-year olds (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011).At the same time, other studies have been carried out to establish factors and prevalence of adolescents smoking in United Kingdom and Scotland. For example, one such study has been carried out by Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime in 2004. The report titled, Adolescent Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use found out that numerous factors are likely to lead adolescents to start smoking and persist with the behaviour (McVie and Bradshaw, 2005). Key findings of the report indicated that tobacco consumption was much prevalent among the adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years; and among the adolescents aged 13 to 14 years, the increase in consumption of tobacco was drastic and sharp (McVie and Bradshaw, 2005). At the same time, the study found out that, girls as compared to boys were likely to be consumers of tobacco and were likely to start such behaviours at age of 13 years. Moreover, a mong the adolescents who were found to be smokers, it was established that some had started such behaviours much earlier when they were children, and all indications showed that they were likely to continue with such behaviours in their future lives. In addition, the report found out that, adolescents who smoked tobacco were likely to abuse other drugs as well, such as alcohol and illicit drugs (McVie and Bradshaw, 2005). The three aspects were found to relate to each other. It has to be noted that majority of these adolescents start smoking habits as one-off affair, but many end up progressing with the habit, and with time, majority of them become addicted to the use of tobacco (McVie and Bradshaw, 2005). Lastly, majority of adolescents interviewed during the study indicated that those who smoke, especially the regular smokers, were likely to suffer from delinquency and victimization, higher impulsivity, and low self-esteem, greater involvement in unconditional activities, weaker p arental supervision, and stronger peer influence (McVie and Bradshaw, 2005).On the other hand, Action on Smoking and Health (2011) establishes that, smoking, especially among adolescents, is motivated by numerous factors that can be termed as risky. These factors include parental and sibling smoking, the little problems incurred while obtaining cigarettes, smoking by friends and peer group members, socio-economic status, exposure to tobacco marketing, and depictions of smoking in films, television, and other media (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011). The home environment has been established to be the major contributor in adolescents smoking whereby, more adolescents who live with parents or siblings who smoke are up to 3 times likely to become smokers themselves than children from non-smoking households (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011). As a result, every year, about 23,000 adolescents start smoking behaviour at the age 15 years largely as exposure to smoking in the home (Acti on on Smoking and Health, 2011). Apart from other drugs playing role in the likelihood of adolescents becoming tobacco smokers, it has been established that adolescents who are largely truant with regard to schooling have greater chance of becoming regular tobacco smokers. For instance, those in school but largely seen to be truant have been found to be two times more likely to be become regular smokers, while those totally out of school have been found to be three times more likely to become regular smokers (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011). Moreover, there have been attempts to carry out studies aimed at establishing the impact of smoking, especially at young age. Majority of evidences indicate that, when adolescents start smoking at an early age, they are likely to be heavy smokers, likely to highly depend on others, exhibit low chances of quitting, and have higher mortality rates (Action on Smoking and Health, 2011). Therefore, smoking among adolescents is likely to result in to long-term effects.With regard to health impact, smoking among the adolescents has been associated with respiratory health problems, manifesting in short and long term. For instance, adolescents who smoke regularly are likely to be two to six times more susceptible to coughs and increased phlegm, wheeziness, and shortness of breath as compared to those who do not smoke. At the same time, according to studies carried on adolescents and children who smoke especially regular smokers, it has been established that majority are likely to suffer from lung impairment, which limits growth, and at same time, initiate premature lung function. Decline or dysfunctional lung results into increased risks of chronic obstructive lung cancer later on in the life of the victim.Theories Explaining Smoking Behaviours among AdolescentsSmoking behaviours among the adolescents has been associated with numerous factors, which can be captured well in a number of theories or models (Luce, Smelser and USA-Na tional Research Council, 1989). Simonich (1991) observes that, theories that explain why people smoke can be categorized into two broad groups: cognitive and con-cognitive theories (Gochman, 1997). Cognitive theories postulate that, individuals are likely to smoke based on the knowledge, perception and beliefs of the individual concerning particular behaviour or issue. On the other hand, non-cognitive theories state that an individual decides to smoke based on factors that are outside or external to his or her control (Gochman, 1997). As a result, cognitive theories can be seen to be based on individuals consideration of what is right or wrong as a result of individuals cost-benefit analysis. Therefore, an individual is likely to smoke based on personal conviction that smoking is right for him or her, not as explained or expressed by others but as personal intuition convinces the individual. Cognitive theories go further to indicate that smoking among individuals such as adolescents can be discouraged or minimised by adopting and implementing interventions that increase victims awareness of the negative consequences of smoking. Such negative consequences of smoking that may be highlighted include the dangers of smoking, higher cigarette prices, restrictions on the time and place of smoking, and emphasis on the positive aspects of smoking (Gochman, 1997).On the other hand, con-cognitive theories posit that smoking among adolescents or any other group is not voluntary, but emerges from factors that are beyond control by the individual. In such cases, an individual is seen to be in dire need of help from external sources. For instance, some theories in this group have linked smoking to nicotine addiction, which of course did not originate within the individual but originated outside. Outside sources for such nicotine addiction may be from peer influence, cigarette advertisement, and other...
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